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</button> </div> </div> <div id="unemiue" class="postcell post-layout--right"> <div id="tz2a1nh" class="s-prose js-post-body"> <p><p>推恩令是西漢漢武帝為了加強(qiáng)中央對(duì)地方的統(tǒng)治，采取主父偃的建議，在各諸侯國(guó)內(nèi)部推行的一種旨在削弱各諸侯國(guó)勢(shì)力范圍的政令。</p><p>這個(gè)政令把原來(lái)各諸侯國(guó)權(quán)利只能由嫡長(zhǎng)子繼承的規(guī)定，改為分別由嫡長(zhǎng)子及次子和多人繼承，表面上看皇帝降恩于各諸侯國(guó)，其實(shí)是中央把原來(lái)的諸侯國(guó)分割成幾個(gè)小塊，從而削弱和收回了原來(lái)各諸侯國(guó)的權(quán)利。</p><p>漢武帝推行的推恩令，是在周亞夫平定劉姓王聯(lián)合叛亂、中央集權(quán)不斷鞏固和加強(qiáng)后，采取的一種旨在進(jìn)一步削弱各諸侯國(guó)勢(shì)力的措施，而唐朝的藩鎮(zhèn)割據(jù)則恰恰相反，節(jié)度使擁有地方軍政大權(quán)，勢(shì)力范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，已經(jīng)到了和唐王朝中央分廷抗立和叫板的地步，安史之亂就是例證。</p><p>安史之亂以后，唐朝藩鎮(zhèn)割據(jù)更為嚴(yán)重，一些平定安史之亂的節(jié)度使更是擁兵自眾、稱霸一方，比起安祿山和史思明有過(guò)之而無(wú)不及，中央已無(wú)力對(duì)他們采取措施和加強(qiáng)管制，直到唐朝最后被一個(gè)叫朱溫的節(jié)度使滅亡。</p></p><blockquote class="imghidden"></p></blockquote> </div> <div id="emppbce" class="mt24 mb12"> <div id="n1tkuve" class="post-taglist d-flex gs4 gsy fd-column"> <div id="fh2zr73" class="d-flex ps-relative"> </div> </div> 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00.02-.13l-.02-.02c-.57-.8-3.42-4.77-3.71-5.15-.21-.27-.3-.58-.24-.84.05-.2.2-.37.4-.48.18-.09.35-.13.52-.13.44 0 .76.28.96.51l3.6 4.42c.04.04.07.06.14.02.05-.02.06-.07.03-.12L4.41 2.96a.94.94 0 01-.1-.73.92.92 0 0 1 .47-.57 1.06 1.06 0 0 1 1.4.39l3.8 6.14c.03.04.07.07.14.04.04-.03.06-.07.04-.13A153.8 153.8 0 008.1 2.54c-.31-.68-.2-1.14.36-1.42.52-.27 1.14-.07 1.47.48l3.69 8.3c.02.04.05.05.1.06a.1.1 0 00.09-.07l.66-2.28c.1-.3.31-.56.62-.72.3-.15.65-.18.98-.1.7.2 1.09.87.89 1.52-.1.37-.46 1.73-.99 3.43l-.1.33c-.58 1.86-1.03 3.33-3.11 4.4-.7.35-1.38.53-2.05.53z" fill="#FFC166"></path> <path d="M14 .37a.5.5 0 00-.88.45l1.96 3.9a.5.5 0 00.9-.45L14 .37zm-1.17 2.17a.5.5 0 00-.91.42l.84 1.87a.5.5 0 10.91-.41l-.84-1.88zm-10.6 9.74a.5.5 0 01.7-.02l1.7 1.6a.5.5 0 01-.7.72l-1.68-1.6a.5.5 0 01-.02-.7zm-1.39.98a.5.5 0 10-.68.73l3.03 2.84a.5.5 0 00.68-.73L.84 13.26z" opacity=".4"></path> </svg> 最佳貢獻(xiàn)者</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="2nhdu6n" id="answers"> <div class="mxnjjrm" id="answers-header"> <div id="si82gyk" class="answers-subheader d-flex ai-center mb8"> <div id="hjaqtvi" class="flex--item"> <div id="1737xld" class=" d-flex s-btn-group js-filter-btn"> <a class="youarehere is-selected flex--item s-btn s-btn__muted s-btn__outlined">最新</a> <a class="youarehere is-selected flex--item s-btn s-btn__muted s-btn__outlined">投票</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="6csawgh" class="answer"> <div id="bdlgq2a" class="post-layout"> <div id="rpj27az" class="votecell post-layout--left"> <div id="2hxfh7k" class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-200"> <button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer "> <svg class="svg-icon iconArrowUpLg" width="36" height="36"> <path d="M2 26h32L18 10 2 26z"></path> </svg> </button> <div id="j17aqst" class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-black-500 fs-title">2</div> <button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer "> <svg class="svg-icon iconArrowDownLg" width="36" height="36"> <path d="M2 10h32L18 26 2 10z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <div id="s7hjngq" class="answercell post-layout--right"> <div id="t3ci7ex" class="s-prose js-post-body"> <p><p>唐代的藩鎮(zhèn)割據(jù)和漢代的各國(guó)割據(jù)有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別，漢武帝采用主父偃的建議，推行推恩令，堪稱中國(guó)最無(wú)解的陽(yáng)謀之一。高明的陽(yáng)謀背后，也是中央和地方的形勢(shì)不同。</p><h1>三代削藩和推恩令的關(guān)系</h1><p>漢代和秦代很相似，所謂漢承秦制，唯一不同，秦朝走的太快，而漢朝走一步，歇一步，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)來(lái)。</p><p>漢朝也知道郡縣制好，但不敢大用，因此，在劉邦時(shí)期，中央智能控制不到一半土地，剩下的全歸諸侯。劉邦用了12年，把大部分異姓諸侯王產(chǎn)出，這是第一次削藩。</p><p>漢文帝以仁義治國(guó)除了繼位之前干掉諸呂以外，沒(méi)有對(duì)藩王動(dòng)手，反而發(fā)展?jié)h朝嫡系力量。給平定七國(guó)之亂打下基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>于是，漢景帝僅用了八個(gè)月，解決七國(guó)之亂。</p><blockquote class="imghidden"><p><strong>在漢武帝繼位后，經(jīng)過(guò)三代削弱，諸侯王已經(jīng)淪為戰(zhàn)五渣，于是，推恩令大放異彩，諸侯王中不乏聰明人，肯定知道其中貓膩，但根本無(wú)力抵抗這種恩賜，只能硬著頭皮接受。</strong></p><p>（漢武帝）</p><h1>唐朝的節(jié)度使</h1><p>唐朝的節(jié)度使恰好是唐朝中央衰弱之時(shí)的產(chǎn)物，在唐朝強(qiáng)盛時(shí)，節(jié)度使也叫節(jié)度使，但并不危及統(tǒng)治。</p><p>到了中唐，節(jié)度使已經(jīng)成了獨(dú)立小王國(guó)，推恩令失去了執(zhí)行的背景。</p><p><strong>俗話說(shuō)，惡人自有惡人磨，推恩令雖然沒(méi)有用了，但唐朝的藩鎮(zhèn)日子也不好過(guò)，唐朝政府采用了一攬子削藩計(jì)劃，讓藩鎮(zhèn)和朝廷均勢(shì)。</strong></p><p><strong>第一招叫渾水摸魚，利用節(jié)度使之間矛盾，互相削弱，主要在唐代宗德宗時(shí)期使用。第二招，釜底抽薪，掌控經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈地區(qū)節(jié)度使，為唐朝續(xù)命。主要在唐憲宗時(shí)期實(shí)行。第三招，反客為主，利用節(jié)度使內(nèi)部矛盾，自相殘殺。</strong></p><p><strong>這一系列手段，讓唐朝政府和節(jié)度使之間，達(dá)成微妙平衡，也讓唐朝續(xù)命150年。</strong></p><p>推恩令雖然好，但不適合唐朝局勢(shì)，而且，這種陽(yáng)謀，只用一次就可以了，后世知道了套路，就用不了了。</p><p>唐朝的特點(diǎn)讓唐朝有了新的策略，歸根結(jié)底，依然是長(zhǎng)達(dá)千年，中央與地方勢(shì)力之間博弈的延續(xù)。</p></p></p></blockquote></div> <div id="mp18djc" class="mt24"> <div id="8ks7hsy" class="user-info "> <div id="hjzhiop" class="user-gravatar32"> <img src="/images/face/704.jpg" alt="" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm" /> </div> <div id="fzld2ql" class="user-details"> <a>奕純899</a> <div id="31hizfy" class="-flair"> <span id="nqlo2k1" class="reputation-score">272贊</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mxfnv7i" class="answer"> <div id="kadv2k1" class="post-layout"> <div id="5d6pplb" class="votecell post-layout--left"> <div id="2hlkyc1" class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-200"> <button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer "> <svg class="svg-icon iconArrowUpLg" width="36" height="36"> <path d="M2 26h32L18 10 2 26z"></path> </svg> </button> <div id="lemmofl" class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-black-500 fs-title">3</div> <button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer "> <svg class="svg-icon iconArrowDownLg" width="36" height="36"> <path d="M2 10h32L18 26 2 10z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <div id="rb6e62t" class="answercell post-layout--right"> <div id="ikb2mnf" class="s-prose js-post-body"> <p>推恩令的前提是朝廷勢(shì)大，諸侯王不得不聽命，漢代推恩令之所以被遵守，那是因?yàn)橹爸軄喎虬阉麄兇蚍恕?/p></div> <div id="brzz6zl" class="mt24"> <div id="jqpghh2" class="user-info "> <div id="lbjj6tj" class="user-gravatar32"> <img src="/images/face/809.jpg" alt="" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm" /> </div> <div id="lw7rzjf" class="user-details"> <a>李愛萍31417956</a> <div id="taqpikl" class="-flair"> <span id="yaplmsh" class="reputation-score">160贊</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="n3fxtvs" class="answer"> <div id="sriifph" class="post-layout"> <div id="gau7xyi" class="votecell post-layout--left"> <div id="wucxgrj" class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-200"> <button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer "> <svg class="svg-icon iconArrowUpLg" width="36" height="36"> <path d="M2 26h32L18 10 2 26z"></path> </svg> </button> 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